Abstract: The surrounding rock is in a state of high stress during deep mining of coal mine, and the dynamic disturbance may lead to the instability of the surrounding rock and even rock burst. Therefore, it is of great significance to study the influencing factors of the deformation of roadway surrounding rock under dynamic disturbance. Based on elastic mechanics and stress wave theory, the instability mechanism of roadway surrounding rock is analyzed. By using the orthogonal experimental method and the dynamics module of FLAC^3D software, the influencing factors of roadway surrounding rock deformation under dynamic disturbance were investigated. Firstly, according to the method of range and mean value analysis, the influence degree of each factor on the deformation of roadway surrounding rock is obtained, from the largest to the smallest, it is buried depth, distance, disturbance intensity and disturbance frequency. The combination of buried depth of 800 m, disturbance intensity of 20 MPa, distance of 9 m and frequency of 5 Hz has the greatest influence on the deformation of the roof and two sides of the roadway. The combination of buried depth of 500 m, disturbance intensity of 5 MPa, distance of 18 m and frequency of 20 Hz has the least influence on the deformation of the roof and two sides of the roadway. Secondly, the displacement, stress, plastic zone and energy evolution of surrounding rock are analyzed by numerical simulation method, and the correctness of the maximum and minimum combination is verified. Finally, the multiple linear regression mathematical model is used to predict the deformation of surrounding rock roof and two sides under the action of multiple factors, and the regression effect is remarkable.