Abstract: In order to effectively improve the level of miners’ safety performance, based on the effective questionnaire of 421 miners, this study investigated the mechanism of the influence of miners’ occupational calling on safety performance by establishing a theoretical model mediated by constructive responsibility perception and job prosperity and moderated by proactive personality, and the structural equation model and Bootstrap method were used to test the relevant hypotheses. The results show that the occupational calling of miners has a significant positive impact on safety performance; constructive responsibility perception and job prosperity both play a partial mediating role between occupational calling and safety performance; proactive personality positively moderates the mediating effects of constructive responsibility perception and job prosperity on occupational calling and safety performance.