Abstract: Mining emergency rescue is characterized by environmental complexity, gas composition diversity and mission urgency, which puts forward higher requirements for gas detection technology, and the equipment needs to be equipped with real-time, accurate and environmentally adaptable features to monitor the gas composition in the disaster area in real time to provide hazard warning information, and support the development of effective rescue programs and ensure the safety of rescuers. With the increasing depth of mining and the complexity of the environment in the disaster area, the traditional non-optical gas detection technology is facing challenges in terms of accuracy, response speed and environmental adaptability. In order to cope with these challenges, based on different detection principles, a variety of technical routes have been explored to meet the diversified needs of mine emergency rescue, including non-optical and optical detection technologies, both of which have their own characteristics in terms of applicable scenarios, accuracy and anti-interference ability. Through analyzing and summarizing the principles of optical gas detection technologies (including infrared absorption, laser spectroscopy technology, etc.) and non-optical gas detection technologies (including electrochemical, semiconductor sensor technology, etc.), the current status of the research and its application in mine emergency rescue, revealing the shortcomings in the three aspects of the current gas detection technologies in the practical application: ① the poor adaptability of sensor to the environment, the changes in temperature and humidity on the sensor stability and detection accuracy have a greater impact on the stability and accuracy of the sensor; ② the lower level of intelligence, it is difficult to realize the automatic calibration and real-time feedback, resulting in a larger deviation of the data; ③ some gas detection equipment is larger, heavier, poor portability, and it is difficult to meet the demand for flexible deployment of the emergency rescue in the mines. Based on these, the future development direction of gas detection technology for emergency rescue needs is proposed: ① improve the environmental adaptability of gas sensors, focusing on solving the stability and long-term durability of sensors in extreme environments; ② combine with advanced algorithms to promote the intelligent process of sensors, and to improve the automation level of gas detection and real-time response capability; ③ focus on the research and development of miniaturized, lightweight and modular gas detection equipment to meet the demands for convenient deployment and mobile use in small spaces such as disaster areas.