深部强动压软岩巷道大变形破坏分析与复合支护技术研究

    Study on large deformation failure analysis and composite supporting technology of deep strong dynamic pressure soft rock roadway

    • 摘要: 针对高应力强动压大变形软岩巷道围岩稳定性控制难题,以胡底煤矿1101辅助运输巷为工程背景,基于数值模拟,对巷道围岩大变形破坏特征(两帮急剧收敛、底鼓变形严重及顶板整体下沉)进行了分析,认为围岩软弱(泥岩、3#煤单轴抗压强度分别为20.29 MPa、15.60 MPa)、强动压影响(应力集中系数由1.13升高至1.77)、支护−围岩关系不匹配及巷道底板未设置合理支护结构等是1101辅助运输巷变形破坏的主要原因。基于此,提出“全断面封闭式加强支护”和“充填让压”的复合支护技术,即采用钢管混凝土支架强被动支护+全断面锚网索喷主动支护+支架壁后矸石充填让压。理论验算显示,复合支护技术的支护反力为1.26 MPa,较原锚网喷支护(0.32 MPa)提高了2.9倍。不同支护方案下围岩塑性区、应力场和位移场数值模拟结果显示,复合支护技术显著抑制了巷道围岩塑性区扩展(底板剪切破坏深度由6~7 m降至2~3 m),相较原锚网喷支护方案,巷道变形量缩减了75%~80%,钢管混凝土支架未达到极限承载能力。现场工业性试验监测表明:复合支护技术实施140 d后,巷道变形趋于稳定,两帮、顶板和底鼓的最大变形量分别为95、50、86 mm,钢管混凝土支架支护载荷最大值达到0.7 MPa,支架支护稳定,有效控制了1101巷道围岩大变形。

       

      Abstract: Aiming at the problem of stability control of surrounding rock in soft rock roadways with high stress, strong dynamic pressure and large deformation, taking the 1101 auxiliary transportation roadway of Hudi Coal Mine as the engineering background, based on numerical model, the large deformation failure characteristics of the surrounding rock of the roadway were analyzed (sharp convergence of the two sides, severe floor heave deformation and overall subsidence of the roof). It is considered that weak surrounding rock (the uniaxial compressive strengths of mudstone and 3# coal are 20.29 MPa and 15.60 MPa respectively), the influence of strong dynamic pressure (the stress concentration coefficient increases from 1.13 to 1.77), the mismatch between support and surrounding rock, and the failure to set a reasonable support structure for the roadway floor are the main causes of deformation and failure of the 1101 auxiliary transportation roadway. Based on this, a composite support technology of “full-section closed reinforcement support” and “filling and pressure reduction” is proposed, that is, strong passive support with concrete-filled steel tube supports + active support with full-section anchor net cable spraying + gangue filling and pressure reduction behind the support wall. Theoretical calculation shows that the support reaction force of the composite support technology is 1.26 MPa, which is 2.9 times higher than that of the original anchor net spray support (0.32 MPa). The numerical simulation results of plastic zone, stress field and displacement field of surrounding rock under different support schemes show that the composite support technology significantly inhibits the expansion of the plastic zone of the surrounding rock of the roadway (the shear failure depth of the floor is reduced from 6-7 m to 2-3 m), and the deformation of the surrounding rock of the roadway is reduced by 75%-80% compared with the original bolt-mesh-shotcrete support, and the concrete-filled steel tubular support does not reach the ultimate bearing capacity. The field industrial test monitoring shows that the roadway deformation tends to be stable after 140 days of composite support technology, and the maximum deformation of two sides, roof and floor heave is 95 mm, 50 mm and 86 mm respectively. The maximum support load of concrete-filled steel tube support reaches 0.7 MPa, and the support is stable, which effectively controls the large deformation of surrounding rock in 1101 roadway.

       

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