Abstract: To reduce unsafe behaviors among miners and decrease coal mine accidents, this study takes a work stress perspective and employs high-validity and high-reliability scales to measure miners’ work stress and unsafe behaviors across various dimensions. A structural equation model is constructed to explore the impact of different dimensions of work stress on unsafe behaviors, revealing their respective effects. On this basis, a system dynamics model of miners’ work stress on unsafe behaviors is constructed, and the effect of each dimension of work stress in intervening in unsafe behaviors is simulated and analyzed. The results of the study indicate that: each dimension of miners’ work stress is positively correlated with unsafe behaviors, with the ranking of their effects on unsafe behaviors as follows: environmental stress (0.68) > job responsibility stress (0.50) = organizational system stress (0.50) > family environment stress (0.40) > career development stress (0.28) > interpersonal relationship stress (0.15). Adopting various intervention strategies for work stress can all reduce the level of unsafe behaviors among miners. In terms of the onset time of intervention measures, the intervention strategies for work environment stress have the shortest onset time. In terms of the effect of intervention measures, the intervention effect of institutional rationality under organizational system pressure is the best. Improving the overall environmental quality, promoting the clarity of rights and responsibilities, enhancing the smoothness of communication, strengthening the support from superiors, improving the understanding of support and optimizing the rationality of the system are effective measures to relieve the work stress of miners and reduce the occurrence of unsafe behaviors.