综采工作面终采线外错诱冲机理及防治技术研究

    Research on mechanism and prevention technology of rockburst induced by offset of final mining lines in fully-mechanized working faces

    • 摘要: 为弱化终采线外错引起的煤体应力集中,降低终采线外错工作面末采期间冲击风险,以纳林河二号矿井3个相邻终采线外错工作面为研究对象,分析了终采线外错工作面末采期间现场动静载叠加诱冲机理,建立了外错顶板受力力学模型;通过对比三边固支和临边固支薄板结构弯曲能变化特征,揭示了外错区域顶板应力变化机理;通过数值模拟研究,对比分析单工作面回采与外错工作面回采期间超前煤体应力分布曲线,得到相邻采空区终采线附近煤体应力分布特征;基于阻断应力传递、弱化动载扰动、降低煤体应力等目的设计了综合防治措施,并对防治效果进行了检验。结果表明:终采线外错区域顶板结构由三边固支向临边固支结构转变,且随着临空边长度不断增加,相邻顶板结构弯曲能增加,是本工作面静载增加的主要原因;终采线外错形成的煤柱拐角位置受双向支承应力叠加作用,应力集中程度最高,高于单工作面回采超前支承应力影响下的最大煤体应力集中系数。终采线外错区域实施综合防冲措施后,末采区域微震能量降低71.0%,微震频次降低70.8%,煤体应力最大降幅达到62.0%,大大降低了终采线外错工作面末采期间冲击风险。

       

      Abstract: To reduce the stress concentration in coal mass caused by the offset of the final mining line and lower the rockburst risk during the final mining stage of such working faces, three adjacent working faces with offset final mining lines in Nalinhe No.2 Coal Mine were taken as the research object. The rockburst mechanism induced by the superposition of static and dynamic loads during the final mining period was analyzed. A mechanical model for the stress analysis of the offset roof was established. By comparing the variation characteristics of bending energy of thin plate structures with three fixed edges and one fixed adjacent edge, the stress variation mechanism of the roof in the offset area was revealed. Through numerical simulation, the stress distribution curves of the coal mass ahead of the working face during single face mining and offset face mining were compared, and the stress distribution characteristics of the coal mass near the final mining lines of adjacent gobs were obtained. Comprehensive prevention and control measures were designed to block stress transmission, weaken dynamic load disturbance, and reduce coal mass stress, and the control effect was verified. The results show that the roof structure in the offset area of the final mining line changes from three fixed edges to one fixed adjacent edge. With the increase of the free edge length, the bending energy of the adjacent roof structure increases, which is the main reason for the increase of static load in the working face. The coal pillar corner formed by the offset final mining line is subjected to the superposition of bidirectional abutment stresses, with the highest stress concentration coefficient, which is higher than the maximum stress concentration coefficient under the influence of advance abutment stress in single face mining. After implementing comprehensive rockburst prevention measures in the offset area, the microseismic energy in the final mining area is reduced by 71.0%, the microseismic frequency is reduced by 70.8%, and the maximum decrease of coal mass stress reaches 62.0%, which greatly reduces the rockburst risk during the final mining stage of the working face with an offset final mining line.

       

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