Abstract: To address the safety protection requirements for human-machine collaborative operations in coal mine underground environments, an electronic fence system based on ultra-wideband (UWB) technology was designed, and a "trinity" active protection system encompassing positioning, communication, and control is established. The system achieves centimeter-level high-precision positioning through UWB technology, combined with a Time-of-Flight (TOF) ranging optimization algorithm for multi-base station synchronous localization, overcoming the limitations of single-base station configurations in traditional positioning methods and enabling seamless collaborative tracking of tags across multiple devices in complex underground environments. A heterogeneous RS485/UWB data transmission architecture was implemented, utilizing the RS485 bus for long-distance stable communication and UWB wireless technology to establish redundant transmission channels, ensuring reliable transmission of hazard zone warnings and equipment shutdown signals under harsh underground conditions. A smart card reader with multi-modal data fusion capabilities was designed to integrate UWB ranging, AI video analytics, and near-field sensing terminal data, enabling hierarchical control of personnel identification cards, audible-visual alarms, and power-off protection devices through a scenario state assessment algorithm. Experimental validation demonstrated a system response time below 2 seconds for rapid alarm activation and equipment shutdown when personnel approach hazardous zones, a bidirectional alert success rate of 99.3% ensuring simultaneous warnings to workers and equipment operators, a false alarm rate controlled within 0.2% to prevent erroneous shutdowns, and a wireless data transmission success rate of 99.1%, providing a stable redundant channel for hazard warnings and shutdown data in complex underground environments.