基于数字孪生的无轨胶轮车运动仿真和人机交互系统设计

    Motion simulation and human-computer interaction system design of trackless rubber-tyred vehicle based on digital twin

    • 摘要: 为提高煤矿井下无轨辅助运输胶轮车的运行安全性与智能化控制水平,针对传统监控方式与仿真建模技术难以直观展现运行状态和构建高保真模型的问题,提出了一种融合了新一代信息技术与数字孪生理念的无轨胶轮车运动仿真与人机交互系统。以具备多传感器设计的无轨胶轮车为研究对象,采用MATLAB/Simulink设计了系统架构与功能模块,结合CAN总线完成了多元传感器数据的标准化转换与高速传输。通过整车控制器(Vehicle Control Unit,VCU)的I/O接口实现了数字孪生模型与物理实体的实时数据交互,构建了虚实融合的运行环境,并实现了对车辆转矩、转速、制动压力等关键安全参数的连续监测。系统引入了基于物理建模与实时数据驱动的预测性仿真方法,能够高精度模拟车辆在不同工况下的动态响应,特别适用于VCU的程序优化与控制算法的参数调整。以某煤矿井下低速四轮转向工况为例,基于数字孪生模型构建的仿真平台复现了真实转弯环境,结合车辆动力学特性开展了多轮仿真试验,优化了比例−积分−微分(Proportional−Integral−Derivative,PID)控制参数。优化后的控制策略显著提升了车辆横摆角速度,减小了转弯半径,仿真结果与实测数据变化趋势高度一致:最大相对误差为1.34%,平均误差为0.85%,验证了模型的准确性与可靠性;控制系统整体时间延迟控制在30 ms以内,充分体现了系统的实时性。

       

      Abstract: To enhance the operational safety and intelligent control level of underground trackless auxiliary transport rubber-tyred vehicles in coal mines, a motion simulation and human-computer interaction system integrating new-generation information technology with the concept of digital twin is proposed to solve the limitations of traditional monitoring and simulation modeling methods in intuitively representing operational status and constructing high-fidelity models. The system takes a trackless rubber-tyred vehicle with multi-sensor redundancy as the research object, and the system architecture and functional modules are designed using MATLAB/Simulink, and the CAN bus is used for standardized conversion and high-speed transmission of multi-source sensor data. Real-time data interaction between the digital twin model and the physical entity is achieved through the I/O interface of the vehicle control unit (VCU), forming a virtual-physical fusion environment that enables continuous monitoring of key safety parameters such as torque, speed, and brake pressure. A predictive simulation method based on physical modeling and real-time data is introduced to accurately simulate the dynamic response of vehicle under various working conditions, supporting VCU program optimization and control algorithm parameter tuning. Taking a low-speed four-wheel steering scenario in an underground coal mine as an example, the digital twin-based simulation platform reproduces real turning conditions. Combined with the dynamic characteristics of vehicle, multiple simulation experiments are conducted to optimize the proportional-integral-derivative (PID) control parameters. The optimized control strategy significantly improves yaw rate and reduces turning radius. The simulation results closely match the measured data, with a maximum relative error of 1.34% and an average error of 0.85%, verifying the accuracy and reliability of the model. The overall time delay of the control system is controlled within 30 ms, fully demonstrating the real-time performance of the system.

       

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