Abstract: To systematically reveal the mechanism and parameter optimization path of staged hydraulic cavity creation technology in gas drainage from low-permeability coal seams, a coal damage-stress-seepage coupling model was established. Combining numerical simulation with field tests, numerical simulation experiments were conducted to investigate the influence of specific engineering parameters such as cavity radius and spacing on coal seam pressure relief area and gas drainage effect. The spatio-temporal evolution law of coal seam gas under staged hydraulic cavity creation technology during drainage activities was systematically discussed. Field experiments were conducted for comparative verification and analysis of gas drainage effects. The simulation results show that staged hydraulic cavity creation technology can effectively reduce the stress in coal seams around boreholes, induce coal damage and failure near borehole walls, forming obvious stress disturbance areas and porosity improvement areas, thereby increasing coal seam permeability and significantly improving gas drainage efficiency. The cavities formed by hole-making have a significant pressure relief and permeability enhancement effect on coal seams; the expansion of the cavity radius can significantly enhance the stress disturbance range and permeability improvement degree, but after exceeding 0.6 m, the benefit increase slows down and the risk of hole wall instability increases; when the cavity spacing decreases, stress superposition zones form between adjacent cavities, permeability channels are formed, and gas drainage effects are significantly enhanced. Field tests further confirm the consistency of simulation trends, indicating that the optimal cavity radius is 0.5 m to 0.6 m, and the optimal spacing is 6 m.