Abstract: To address the spontaneous combustion issue in the working face of No.8 Mine of Pingdingshan Tianan Coal Mining Co., Ltd., a three-dimensional interpenetrating polymer material for fire prevention and extinguishing was developed. The gel properties of the polymer material were investigated through microscopic morphology and water retention analysis. Using a synchronous thermal analyzer and temperature-programmed experiments, the inhibitory effect of the material on spontaneous combustion of coal from the Wu _9.10-21070 working face of No.8 Mine was studied, and the staged characteristics and heat release laws of the treated coal samples were analyzed. The results show that the new polymer material has an interpenetrating three-dimensional network structure, which can encapsulate a large amount of bound water and improve the thermal stability and endothermic cooling capacity of the system. When the temperature is below 100 ℃, the water loss rate remains below 10%; above 100 ℃, the water loss rate is less than 40%, and water retention can last more than 12 h at 150 ℃. Compared with raw coal, the characteristic combustion temperatures (t₁-t₆) of coal samples treated with the material are delayed by 7, 16, 56, 31, 63, and 85 ℃, respectively. The maximum weight loss rate decreases by 26.19%, the steady combustion, flammability and comprehensive combustion parameters decrease by 8.24%, 21.90%, and 23.50%, respectively. The maximum heat flow rate decreases by 33.14%, the endothermic enthalpy increases by 11.43%, and the total heat release decreases by 45.27%. The three-dimensional interpenetrating polymer material can effectively delay the oxidation and heat release process of coal. At 100 ℃, the oxygen consumption rate of the treated coal samples decreases by 26.78%, and the average CO inhibition rate reaches 70.13%. At 120 ℃, the maximum heat release intensity decreases by 41.26%, the rapid heat release temperature is delayed by 20 ℃, and the apparent activation energy increases by 17.55 kJ/mol. The study indicates that the three-dimensional interpenetrating polymer material can effectively isolate oxygen, reduce temperature and weaken heat radiation, and exhibits excellent inhibition effect on coal spontaneous combustion.