基于无人机摄影测量技术的边坡结构面识别与稳定性分析

    Structural plane identification and stability analysis of slopes based on UAV photogrammetry technology

    • 摘要: 为了解决露天矿岩质节理边坡地质信息获取效率不足及灾害防控决策滞后的问题,基于无人机摄影测量、结构面智能识别、运动学分析与离散元数值模拟手段,建立了一种从露天矿地质调查到岩质节理边坡稳定性分析的全流程应用方法。首先,通过无人机摄影测量技术获取高分辨率影像数据,使用三维建模软件构建三维点云模型;然后,采用岩体结构面智能识别工具提取优势节理组,基于分组信息获取结构面的几何特征参数;最后,依据提取的信息,结合运动学分析与离散元数值模拟揭示边坡潜在破坏模式。以内蒙古某露天煤矿边坡为例,成功识别出J1(297°∠42°)、J2(115°∠81°)、J3(337°∠80°) 3组优势节理,统计窗法验证显示,识别误差不超过4°;结构面直径分布符合负指数函数,指数(λ)依次为1.49、1.26、1.22;线密度分别为0.61、0.64、0.26条/m。结果表明:运动学分析发现,边坡存在平面滑动、楔形体滑动与倾倒破坏3种潜在破坏模式;离散元模拟显示,边坡稳定性受J1组控制的平面滑动与J2组主导的倾倒破坏协同作用。运动学分析与离散元数值模拟结果均与现场观测的变形特征吻合。

       

      Abstract: Aiming at the problems of low efficiency in acquiring geological information and delayed decision-making for disaster prevention and control of rock jointed slopes in open-pit mines, we establish a full-process application method ranging from open-pit mine geological survey to stability analysis of rock jointed slopes, based on the combined technologies of unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) photogrammetry, intelligent structural plane identification, kinematic analysis and discrete element method (DEM) numerical simulation. Firstly, high-resolution image data are obtained using UAV photogrammetry technology, and a 3D point cloud model is constructed using 3D modeling software. Then, an intelligent rock mass structural plane identification tool is adopted to extract the dominant joint sets, and the geometric characteristic parameters of structural planes are acquired based on the grouping information. Finally, based on the extracted data, combined with kinematic analysis and DEM numerical simulation, the potential failure modes of the slope are revealed. Taking the slope of an open-pit coal mine in Inner Mongolia as an example, three dominant joint sets are successfully identified, namely J1 (297°∠42°), J2 (115°∠81°) and J3 (337°∠80°). Verification using the statistical window method shows that the identification error is less than 4°. The diameter distribution of structural planes conforms to the negative exponential function, with the exponent (λ) of 1.49, 1.26 and 1.22, respectively. The linear densities are 0.61 joints/m, 0.64 joints/m and 0.26 joints/m, respectively. The results demonstrate that: kinematic analysis identifies three potential failure modes of the slope, including planar sliding, wedge sliding and toppling failure; DEM numerical simulation reveals that the slope stability is controlled by the synergistic effect of planar sliding dominated by the J1 joint set and toppling failure dominated by the J2 joint set. Both the results of kinematic analysis and DEM numerical simulation are consistent with the deformation characteristics observed in the field.

       

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