Abstract: To explore the evolution law and intervention focus of miners’ safety deviant behavior from implicit accumulation to explicit outbreak driven by psychological factors, a behavioral simulation study was conducted by combining the structural equation model with system dynamics (SEM-SD). Firstly, a theoretical model was constructed based on the extended theory of planned behavior, integrating six variables including behavioral attitude, subjective norm, perceived behavioral control, risk propensity, behavioral intention and safety deviant behavior, and the influence relationship hypotheses among the variables were proposed. Then, data from 277 front-line miners were collected through questionnaire surveys, and a structural equation model was established to empirically test the theoretical hypotheses. Finally, a system dynamics model was constructed based on the empirically identified variable relationship network and estimated parameters for dynamic simulation. The simulation results show that: firstly, under the condition of no intervention, the miners’ safety deviant behavior shows a phased evolution characteristic over time. The level of safety deviant behavior is relatively stable within three months and begins to rise rapidly after three months, presenting a trend of “stable in the early stage and sudden increase in the later stage”. Secondly, the sensitivity analysis shows that the influence intensity of each driving factor on safety deviant behavior is different, in the order of behavioral intention > risk propensity > subjective norm > perceived behavioral control > behavioral attitude. Finally, by comparing the effect of direct and indirect driving factors, it is found that the combination of indirect driving factors such as behavioral attitude, subjective norm, perceived behavioral control and risk propensity has a more significant long-term intervention effect on safety deviant behavior than the direct driving effect of behavioral intention. This study result reveals the evolution law and intervention focus of safety deviant behavior, aiming to provide a certain basis for formulating phased and precise dynamic intervention strategies in coal mine safety management.