Abstract: To address the problems of insufficient energy absorption efficiency and poor impact resistance of existing impact-resistant supports, starting from the mechanical properties of energy-absorbing components and the supporting characteristics of roadway supports, a numerical model was established for pre-folded energy-absorbing components commonly used in engineering using finite element software, and numerical simulations were conducted under impact loads. The load-displacement curves and plastic strain distribution laws were studied. Targeting the weak areas with significant plastic strain growth, the structure was optimized from three aspects: rigid protrusions, internal partitions, and diagonal braces. The changes in load-displacement curves and the evolution of plastic strain of the components under different working conditions were compared. The energy-absorbing components with optimized structures were integrated into impact-resistant supports to form a new type of impact-resistant support. Numerical simulation studies on the impact resistance of existing impact-resistant supports and the new type were conducted, comparing four indicators: support deformation, plastic energy absorption, column stress, and plastic strain. The variation trends of deformation and plastic energy of the short double-partition impact-resistant support under different impact velocities and impact energies were studied, and the applicable maximum impact velocity and impact energy were determined. The results show that after structural optimization, the overall load level of the energy-absorbing components is improved, the plastic strain distribution is more uniform, and the deformation process is more stable; compared with the existing impact-resistant supports, under the same top impact conditions, the three optimization schemes (rigid protrusions, internal partitions, and diagonal braces) reduce the support deformation by 7.6%, 28.3%, and 7.1% respectively, decrease the support plastic energy by 17.3%, 13.6%, and 5.8% respectively, increase the overall plastic energy absorption by 1.0%, 5.9%, and 5.6% respectively, and reduce the maximum stress in the hydraulic column area by 13.4%, 21.9%, and 35.9% respectively; the peak plastic strain of the energy-absorbing components is increased by 28.6%, 15.2%, and 20.5% respectively. Among them, the internal partition optimization scheme achieves the most significant improvement in impact resistance, which can increase the applicable impact velocity threshold of the support to 8 m/s and expand the upper limit of impact energy resistance to 1 200 kJ.