Abstract: As core equipment in the coal production process, transportation coal mine robots play an irreplaceable role in promoting the construction of mine intellectualization, ensuring production safety and improving transportation efficiency. To systematically grasp the technological development context and future trends in this field, this study conducts an in-depth review of the latest research progress, typical application scenarios and practical application effects of transportation coal mine robots through literature investigation and typical case analysis. The analysis shows that although remarkable achievements have been made in the structural optimization of robot bodies, environmental perception technology, intelligent control algorithms and other aspects, transportation coal mine robots still face severe challenges in reliability, adaptability and intelligence level when operating in extremely complex underground environments characterized by high dynamics, unstructured space, low illumination and heavy dust, which restricts their large-scale and in-depth application. At present, the key technical bottlenecks restricting the development of transportation coal mine robots can be summarized into four aspects: ① under the premise of meeting strict explosion-proof requirements, it is difficult to balance structural strength, functional integration and lightweight design of robots; ② under harsh working conditions such as insufficient illumination and interference from dust and water mist, the perception accuracy, robustness and adaptability of visual recognition systems are obviously insufficient; ③ in dynamically complex roadway networks, the real-time performance, reliability and computational efficiency of path planning algorithms need to be urgently improved in dealing with real-time obstacle avoidance, global optimization and multi-robot cooperation; ④ limited by the special underground energy supply conditions, the long-endurance capability of robots faces comprehensive challenges involving battery energy density, thermal safety management, high-efficiency charging technology and system energy efficiency management. In the future, transportation coal mine robots need to carry out deep cross-domain technological integration by drawing on aerospace materials and navigation technologies, deep-sea pressure-resistant design, industrial robot control, as well as artificial intelligence and big data analysis to develop toward high autonomy to realize autonomous perception, decision-making and execution. Multi-modal deep visual perception technology will be developed by integrating structured light, time-of-flight technology, binocular vision and other perception methods. Breaking through the above bottlenecks and grasping the development trends is the key to realizing the efficient, safe and intelligent operation of mine logistics systems.