近距离跨采影响巷道破坏机理及围岩控制研究

    Study on failure mechanism and surrounding rock control of roadways affected by close-distance cross-mining

    • 摘要: 近距离跨采影响巷道长期受上部煤层区段煤柱集中应力与下部工作面采动应力叠加影响,巷道围岩易出现大变形、锚固体系剪切失效、塑性区大范围扩展等工程难题,传统单一主动支护难以满足强动压巷道长期稳定控制需求。为揭示近距离跨采动压巷道围岩破坏机理并提出高效控制技术,以任楼煤矿Ⅱ1轨道下山为工程背景,采用理论分析、力学建模、数值模拟与现场试验相结合的研究方法,基于弹性力学与莫尔−库仑屈服准则,推导非均匀应力场下动压巷道围岩塑性区边界隐式方程,分析不同侧向压力系数(λ=0. 8,1.0,1.5)条件下垂直与水平采动对塑性区形态、范围及演化规律的影响;采用FLAC3D构建跨采影响巷道数值模型,设计4种支护方案并对比围岩应力、位移及塑性区分布特征,提出锚杆+锚索+U型钢棚主被动协同支护技术。研究表明,在动压载荷与应力叠加作用下,巷道塑性区随采动影响系数增大可依次呈现圆形、椭圆形、圆角矩形及蝶形4种典型形态,任楼煤矿Ⅱ1轨道下山受强动压影响呈现蝶形塑性区,围岩破坏由应力集中、裂隙发育及采动应力动态演化共同主导。数值模拟显示,主被动协同支护可使围岩塑性区面积降低84.1%,垂直应力峰值提升至20.8 MPa,围岩承载结构显著增强。现场应用表明,采用协同支护技术后,巷道顶底板最大移近量为140 mm,两帮最大移近量为120 mm,围岩变形速率逐步衰减并趋于稳定,锚杆、锚索受力均匀稳定,无失效破断现象,支护−围岩形成协同承载体系。

       

      Abstract: Roadways affected by close-distance cross-mining are subjected to superimposed concentrated stress from the sectional coal pillar of the upper coal seam and mining-induced stress of the lower working face for a long time. The surrounding rock of roadways is prone to engineering problems such as large deformation, shear failure of the anchoring system and extensive expansion of the plastic zone. Conventional single active support fails to satisfy the long-term stability control requirements of roadways under intense dynamic mining pressure. To reveal the failure mechanism of surrounding rock in roadways under dynamic pressure induced by close-distance cross-mining and propose an efficient control technology, the II1 track downhill roadway of Renlou Coal Mine is taken as the engineering background. Combined research methods including theoretical analysis, mechanical modeling, numerical simulation and field test, based on elastic mechanics and the Mohr-Coulomb yield criterion, the implicit boundary equation of the surrounding rock plastic zone for dynamic-pressure roadways under non-uniform stress field is derived. The influences of vertical and horizontal mining disturbances on the morphology, range and evolution law of the plastic zone are analyzed under different lateral pressure coefficients (λ=0.8, 1.0, 1.5). A numerical model for the roadway under cross-mining influence is established using FLAC3D, four support schemes are designed, and the distribution characteristics of surrounding rock stress, displacement and plastic zone are compared. A combined active-passive cooperative support technology of bolt+cable+U-steel shed is proposed. The research results show that under the superimposed action of dynamic pressure load and stress, the plastic zone of the roadway sequentially presents four typical morphologies of circle, ellipse, rounded rectangle and butterfly with the increase of the mining influence coefficient. The II1 track downhill roadway of Renlou Coal Mine develops a butterfly-shaped plastic zone under intense dynamic mining pressure, and surrounding rock failure is jointly dominated by stress concentration, fracture development and dynamic evolution of mining-induced stress. Numerical simulation results indicate that the active-passive cooperative support reduces the area of the surrounding rock plastic zone by 84.1% and raises the peak vertical stress to 20.8 MPa, which significantly strengthens the bearing structure of surrounding rock. Field application demonstrates that after adopting the cooperative support technology, the maximum convergence of the roadway roof and floor is 140 mm, and the maximum convergence of two sidewalls is 120 mm. The deformation rate of surrounding rock gradually decays and tends to be stable. Bolts and anchor cables bear uniform and stable stress without failure or fracture, forming a cooperative bearing system composed of support structures and surrounding rock.

       

    /

    返回文章
    返回