Abstract: Pressure nozzles are an important component in wet dust removal equipment. To study the influence of nozzle structure on its atomization characteristics and dust-reducing effect, based on the existing experimental platform and Malvern laser particle size analyzer, three kinds of nozzles of the same aperture commonly used in underground wells (spiral type, swirling vane type, tangential direction) are selected. The pore type was systematically studied. The study found that the flow rate and range of the three nozzles increase one after another as the water supply pressure increases, and the atomization angle decreases gradually. Under the same water supply pressure, the flow rate and range of the swirl vane type nozzle are significantly larger than other two kinds of nozzles; the nozzles of the three structures all decrease with the increase of the water supply pressure, but under the same water supply pressure, the dispersion of the swirling vane type is more uniform, and the overall performance is better than that of the other two nozzles. The advantage is more conducive to contact with dust and play a dust-reducing effect. The dust-reducing efficiency of the three kinds of nozzles increases with the increase of water supply pressure. Under the same water supply pressure, the swirling vane nozzle has the best dust-reducing performance.