Abstract: Deep understanding of the competitive adsorption characteristics of CO₂ and CH₄ in coal seams is of great significance for achieving stable CO₂ storage and efficient CH₄ recovery. This study studies the competitive adsorption characteristics of CO₂ and CH₄ in coal under different conditions based on the CO₂ and CH₄ competitive adsorption experimental system. The results showed that the adsorption rate of CO₂ was faster than that of CH₄ in single-component adsorption, and the coal body reached the saturation adsorption state more quickly. Under the effect of larger concentration gradient, CH₄ can reverse displace the adsorbed CO₂, but the displacing time is longer than that of CO₂ displacing CH₄. The competitive adsorption capacity of CO₂ in the coal is stronger than that of CH₄. Based on the boundary of 30 ℃, too low or too high temperature will reduce the gas adsorption rate and prolong the competitive adsorption process of CO₂ and CH₄ in the coal. The increase of gas injection flow rate makes the total gas pressure increase, which leads to the shortening of the competitive adsorption process. When the proportion of dominant adsorption gas in the gas composition is lower than that of weak adsorption gas, the competitive adsorption process will be inhibited, and vice versa, it will promote the process to be completed faster.