Abstract: The working environment of coal mining is complex. There are not only many potential safety hazards in roadways, but also the risk of accumulation of flammable and explosive gases such as methane. Due to the demands of underground operations, a large number of wireless devices operate in a concentrated manner, causing local concentration of electromagnetic field energy. This may lead to gas explosions by inducing ionization effects, posing significant safety hazards. Analysis of the electromagnetic environment in the roadway is the prerequisite for the explosion-proof assessment of radio frequency electromagnetic energy. Focusing on the radiation and propagation characteristics of the Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO) antenna array system in the roadway under the complex electromagnetic environment, a three-dimensional refined model was constructed by using the bouncing ray method. The electromagnetic energy distribution characteristics of MIMO antenna arrays in the confined space of underground roadways were systematically analyzed. Modeling and simulation were carried out based on the real mine environment. The simulation results under the coherent situation (i.e., the array antenna model) and the incoherent situation (i.e., the MIMO antenna model) of the antenna array were analyzed respectively. The power distribution variation curve with distance was obtained by using SBR calculation. The simulation results show that: compared with free space, under multipath propagation conditions, the peak value of the main power of electromagnetic waves in the underground environment has increased by approximately 1.5 dB, and the energy at the trough has increased by approximately 5 dB. The application of MIMO systems can effectively alleviate the influence of multipath effects. Furthermore, when using the MIMO antenna system with a low autocorrelation coefficient, the power at the same position under the same conditions is reduced by approximately 10 dB compared to the coherent superimposed array, significantly reducing the electromagnetic energy flow density in the roadway and thereby lowering the possibility of danger caused by local focusing of electromagnetic energy. According to the simulation analysis, the humidity of the underground environment has little influence on the energy distribution. When the temperature varies within the range of 20-24 ℃, the influence on the energy distribution is also relatively small.