Abstract: To enhance the impact resistance and energy absorption performance of hydraulic supports in mitigating coal mine rock burst, a hyperbolic shallow shell anti-impact energy-absorbing component was designed. Finite element numerical simulations were conducted to analyze the performance of a navel anti-impact energy-absorbing component under various parameters, including base arc chord height, lateral arc eccentricity, lateral arc chord height, stacking layers, as well as wall thickness and different materials. The finite element analysis results show that: increasing the base arc chord height (L_c) improved the load-bearing capacity of the component, with the average load-bearing force approaching the initial peak value, specifically, when the base arc chord height increased from 10 mm to 20 mm, the initial peak load-bearing capacity rose by 28%, and the average load-bearing capacity increased by 61; a larger lateral arc eccentricity (L_p) reduced the initial peak load-bearing capacity, while the average load-bearing capacity and total energy absorption peaked at an eccentricity of 5 mm, achieving values of 3 126 kN and 312.6 kJ, respectively; increasing the lateral arc chord height (L_d) decreased both the initial peak and average load-bearing capacities, with a notable acceleration in reduction observed when the lateral arc chord height increased from 2 mm to 4 mm, resulting in an 11.9% decrease in initial peak capacity and a 12.5% reduction in average capacity; stacking additional layers stabilized the load-bearing capacity but widened its fluctuation range, with minimal variation in peak impact force F_max; thicker walls enhanced load-bearing capacity without significantly affecting the fluctuation coefficient; material selection had a negligible impact on structural stability. When the chord height distance of the bottom surface of the hyperbolic shallow shell anti-impact energy absorption component is 20 mm, the side chord height distance is 2.5 mm, the eccentricity is 5 mm, the stacking layer number is 3, and the thickness is 8 mm, the initial peak bearing capacity of the hyperbolic shallow shell anti-impact energy absorption component reaches 3 390 kN, the average bearing capacity reaches 3 341 kN, the load fluctuation coefficient is 1.01, the total plastic deformation energy absorption of 100 mm is 334.1 kJ, the energy absorption per unit mass is 35.4 kJ/kg, which best meets the requirements of the energy absorption support, and it can be applied to various hydraulic supports by adjusting the size, material and thickness.